* { 
  margin: 0; 
  padding: 0; 
  box-sizing: border-box; 
}

body {
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, sans-serif;
  background-color: #fff;
  color: #333;
  line-height: 1.7;
  font-size: 16px;
}

.container {
  display: flex;
  min-height: 100vh;
}

.sidebar {
  width: 30%;
  background-color: #fff;    
  padding-left: 20px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  padding-top: 150px;
  border-right: 1px solid #fff;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  position: fixed;
  height: 100vh;
  overflow-y: auto;
  z-index: 1000;
}

.sidebar-card {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 400px;
  background: #f6f6f6;
  border: 1px solid #e6e6e6;
  border-radius: 20px;
  padding: 10px 10px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 0 auto 20px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
}

.sidebar-card header {
  width: 180px;
  height: 180px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: 50%;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  border: 4px solid #fff;
}

.sidebar-card header img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;         /* keep the circular crop */
  object-position: 50% 20%;  /* show more head/torso; tweak 10–30% */
  transform: none;           /* remove the zoom */
}

.sidebar .role {
  color: #666;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  text-align: center;
  line-height: 1.4;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.sidebar header h1 {
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  margin: 10px 0;
  color: #2c3e50;
  text-align: center;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.sidebar .nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1px;
  margin-top: 10px;
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  text-align: center;
}

.sidebar .nav a {
  color: #666;
  text-decoration: none;
  margin: 5px;
}

.sidebar .nav a:hover {
  color: #000;
}

.sidebar .contact {         
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 20px;
  margin-top: 15px;
}

.sidebar .contact a {
  color: #4e2a84;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
}

.sidebar .contact a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.kellogg-logo-container {
  position: absolute;
  top: 10px;
  left: 10px;
  z-index: 10;
}

.kellogg-logo-top {
  width: 250px;
  height: auto;
  opacity: 0.8;
}

.main-content {
  flex: 1;
  padding: 40px;
  max-width: 70%;
  margin: 5% 10% 10% 32%;
  font-size: 1rem;
}

hr {
  border: none;
  border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
  margin: 30px 0;
}

h2 {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  color: #4e2a84;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

h3 {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  color: #333;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

ul {
  list-style-type: square;
  list-style-position: outside;
  padding-left: 1.5em;
  margin: 10px 0 20px;
  font-size: 1rem;
}

ul > li::marker {
  color: #bbb;
}

ul ul {
  list-style-type: circle;
  padding-left: 1.5em;
  margin-top: 5px;
}

ul ul > li::marker {
  color: #666;
}

a.inline-link {
  color: #c2d9e9;
  text-decoration: none;
}

a.inline-link:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.news-box {
  background-color: #e8e1f1;
  padding: 10px;
  border-left: 5px solid #4e2a84;
  margin-top: 15px;
  width: 100%;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.presentations-container {
  display: flex;
  gap: 25px;
  margin-top: 0;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.presentation-image {
  flex: 0 0 100px;
  width: 100px;
  height: 75px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.presentation-image img {
  width: 100px;
  height: 75px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 4px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.presentations-content {
  flex: 1;
  color: #333;
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.presentation-group {
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}

.presentation-group h3 {
  color: #333;
  margin-left: 1.5rem;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.presentation-group ul {
  margin-left: 3rem;
  padding-left: 1.5em;
}

.presentation-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

.presentation-list li {
  color: #333;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 40px;
  position: relative;
  font-size: 1rem;
  text-indent: 0;
}

.presentation-list li::before {
  content: "■";
  color: #666;
  position: absolute;
  left: 20px;
  font-size: 1rem;
}

#presentations {
  padding: 20px 0;
  margin: 15px 0;
}

#presentations h2 {
  color: #4e2a84;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.download-cv-box {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 4px 8px;
  margin-left: 10px;
  background-color: #4e2a84;
  color: white;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: normal;
  border-radius: 10px;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

.download-cv-box:hover {
  background-color: #3d1f6b;
}

.nav a.active {
  color: #000 !important;
  font-weight: bold;
  background-color: #e8e1f1;
  padding: 3px 8px;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.research-item {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  background: #f9f9f9;
  border-radius: 8px;
  border-left: 4px solid #4e2a84;
}

.research-item h3 {
  color: #333;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.research-item ul {
  margin-left: 2rem;
}

.research-item li {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.paper-actions {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-top: 10px;
}

.abstract-toggle {
  background: #4e2a84;
  color: white;
  border: none;
  padding: 6px 12px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
}

.abstract-toggle:hover {
  background: #3d1f6b;
}

.abstract-toggle i {
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.abstract-toggle.expanded i {
  transform: rotate(45deg);
}

.ssrn-link {
  color: #4e2a84;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  padding: 6px 12px;
  border: 1px solid #4e2a84;
  border-radius: 4px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.ssrn-link:hover {
  background-color: #4e2a84;
  color: white;
}

.abstract-content {
  display: none;
  margin-top: 15px;
  padding: 20px;
  background-color: #fff;
  border-radius: 6px;
  border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
  animation: slideDown 0.3s ease-out;
}

.abstract-content.show {
  display: block;
}

@keyframes slideDown {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(-10px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

.abstract-content p {
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.6;
  text-align: justify;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

section[id] {
  scroll-margin-top: 2rem;
}

/* Focus and accessibility */
.abstract-toggle:focus,
.ssrn-link:focus,
.download-cv-box:focus,
.nav a:focus {
  outline: 2px solid #4e2a84;
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

.nav a:focus {
  border-radius: 4px;
}

/* Mobile hamburger menu */
.mobile-menu-toggle {
  display: none;
  position: fixed;
  top: 20px;
  left: 20px;
  z-index: 1001;
  background: #4e2a84;
  color: white;
  border: none;
  padding: 10px;
  border-radius: 5px;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  cursor: pointer;
}

/* Mobile Styles */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  body {
    font-size: 14px;
  }

  .container {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .mobile-menu-toggle {
    display: block;
  }

  .kellogg-logo-container {
    display: none;
  }

  .sidebar {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: -100%;
    width: 80%;
    height: 100vh;
    padding: 20px 10px;
    padding-top: 80px;
    background-color: #fff;
    border-right: 1px solid #e6e6e6;
    box-shadow: 2px 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
    transition: left 0.3s ease;
    z-index: 1000;
  }

  .sidebar.open {
    left: 0;
  }

  .sidebar-card {
    max-width: none;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    padding: 15px;
  }

  .sidebar-card header {
    width: 120px;
    height: 120px;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
  }

  .sidebar header h1 {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    margin: 8px 0;
  }

  .sidebar .role {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
  }

  .sidebar .nav {
    font-size: 1rem;
    gap: 5px;
  }

  .sidebar .nav a {
    margin: 3px;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    border-radius: 4px;
  }

  .sidebar .contact {
    gap: 15px;
    margin-top: 10px;
  }

  .sidebar .contact a {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
  }

  .main-content {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 80px 20px 40px 20px;
    max-width: 100%;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .main-content.sidebar-open {
    transform: translateX(80%);
  }

  h2 {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
  }

  h3 {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
  }

  .presentations-container {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 15px;
  }

  .presentation-image {
    flex: none;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .presentation-image img {
    width: 150px;
    height: 112px;
  }

  .presentations-content {
    text-align: center;
  }

  .presentation-group h3 {
    margin-left: 0;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .presentation-group ul {
    margin-left: 0;
    text-align: left;
  }

  .research-item {
    padding: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  }

  .research-item ul {
    margin-left: 1rem;
  }

  .paper-actions {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 8px;
  }

  .abstract-toggle,
  .ssrn-link {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    padding: 8px 12px;
  }

  .news-box {
    padding: 15px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
  }

  ul {
    padding-left: 1.2em;
  }

  .presentation-list li {
    padding-left: 25px;
  }

  .presentation-list li::before {
    left: 8px;
  }

  /* Mobile overlay */
  .mobile-overlay {
    display: none;
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
    z-index: 999;
  }

  .mobile-overlay.show {
    display: block;
  }
}

/* Small mobile devices */
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .sidebar {
    width: 90%;
  }

  .main-content.sidebar-open {
    transform: translateX(90%);
  }

  .main-content {
    padding: 70px 15px 30px 15px;
  }

  .sidebar-card header {
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
  }

  .sidebar header h1 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
  }

  .sidebar .role {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
  }

  .sidebar .contact a {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
  }

  h2 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
  }

  h3 {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }

  .research-item {
    padding: 0.8rem;
  }

  .abstract-content {
    padding: 15px;
  }
}

/* Print styles */
@media print {
  .mobile-menu-toggle {
    display: none;
  }
  
  .sidebar {
    position: static;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-right: none;
    page-break-after: always;
  }
  
  .main-content {
    margin: 0;
    max-width: 100%;
    padding: 20px;
  }
  
  .abstract-toggle,
  .ssrn-link {
    display: none;
  }
  
  .abstract-content {
    display: block !important;
  }
  
  .kellogg-logo-container {
    display: none;
  }
}

/* Mobile adjustments */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .container {
    flex-direction: column;
  }
  
  .sidebar {
    position: static;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    padding: 10px 10px;
    border-right: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e6e6e6;
  }
  
  .sidebar-card {
    max-width: 400px;
    padding: 15px;
  }
  
  .sidebar-card header {
    width: 120px;
    height: 120px;
  }
  
  .sidebar header h1 {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
  }
  
  .sidebar .nav {
    flex-direction: row;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: center;
  }
  
  .sidebar .contact {
    flex-direction: row;
    justify-content: center;
  }
  
  .kellogg-logo-container {
    position: static;
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
  }
  
  .kellogg-logo-top {
    width: 150px;
  }
  
  .main-content {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 20px;
    max-width: 100%;
  }
  
  .presentations-container {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 15px;
  }
  
  .research-item {
    padding: 1rem;
  }
  
  .paper-actions {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px;
  }
}

/* Tablet adjustments */
@media (max-width: 1024px) and (min-width: 769px) {
  .sidebar {
    width: 40%;
  }
  
  .main-content {
    margin-left: 35%;
    max-width: 65%;
    padding: 30px;
  }
  
  .kellogg-logo-top {
    width: 200px;
  }
}

/* Two-column layout for Interests & Education */
.split-2 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  column-gap: 12px;  /* tighter horizontal gap */
  row-gap: 16px;     /* keep some vertical spacing */
  align-items: start;
  margin: 12px 0 24px;
}
.split-2 .col { min-width: 0; }   /* prevents overflow from long lines */

/* Stack on smaller screens */
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .split-2 { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

/* Education: make school lighter & smaller */
.edu-list .school {
  color: #777;        /* lighter gray; try #888 or #999 for lighter */
  font-size: 0.9rem;  /* smaller than body (16px) */
  margin-top: 2px;    /* a little spacing under the degree */
}

/* 1) Tighten the actual space between the columns */
#about-extras.split-2 {
  column-gap: 12px !important;   /* was 32px via gap */
  row-gap: 16px;                  /* keep vertical spacing tidy */
}

/* 2) Reduce list indentation inside both columns */
#about-extras .col ul {
  padding-left: 0.75em;           /* was 1.5em globally */
  margin: 8px 0;                  /* slightly tighter */
}

/* 3) Make the Education list flush (no bullets/indent) */
#about-extras .edu-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding-left: 0;
  margin: 0;
}
#about-extras .edu-list li { margin-bottom: 10px; }

/* Co-author styling in paper headings */
.research-item h3 .authors{
  font-weight: 400;        /* not bold */
  font-size: 0.92em;       /* slightly smaller */
  color: #666;             /* lighter than the title */
  margin-left: .5rem;
  letter-spacing: .01em;   /* tiny spacing so it reads differently */
  font-style: italic;
}

.teaching-list { margin: 0; }                /* keep list tight */

.teaching-note {
  margin: 2px 0 0;                           /* tiny gap */
  padding-left: 1.5em;                        /* matches your global ul padding-left */
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: #555;   /* darker than before, still softer than #333 body text */
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 300;
}

/* keep alignment consistent on mobile where your ul padding is smaller */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .teaching-note { padding-left: 1.2em; }
}

/* Optional: automatically add parentheses */
.research-item h3 .authors::before { content: " ("; }
.research-item h3 .authors::after  { content: ")"; }